📘 Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
📘 Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
📘 Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
📘CHAPTER 4 : CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Unit II – World of Living (Biology)
📘Chapter 5: Life Processes
📘 Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
📘 Chapter 7: How Do Organisms Reproduce?
📘 Chapter 8: Heredity and Evolution
📘 Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction
📘 Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
📘 Chapter 11: Electricity
📘 Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
📘 Chapter 13: Our Environment
⚡ Physics
CBSE Class 10 Science Light – Reflection and Refraction Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Light Reflection Refraction
Class 10 Science Light – Reflection and Refraction is one of the most formula-rich chapters in CBSE 2026-27. It covers the laws of reflection, mirror formula, lens formula, magnification, and refraction through lenses and glass slabs.
Key Formulas
Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u · Magnification: m = −v/u
Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u · Snell’s Law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
Power of lens: P = 1/f (in metres), unit = Dioptre
Ray diagram questions for concave/convex mirrors and lenses are tested every year. Practise all six standard image positions for both mirrors and lenses.
Class 10 Science Light Reflection and Refraction carries 10–12 marks in CBSE 2026-27 boards. Mastering ray diagrams and formula application guarantees a top score.
CBSE Class 10 Science Human Eye and the Colourful World Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Human Eye Colourful World
Class 10 Science Human Eye and the Colourful World explores the structure of the human eye, defects of vision, and optical phenomena like dispersion, scattering, and the Tyndall effect. It is a highly conceptual chapter in CBSE 2026-27.
Key Concepts
Power of accommodation: ability of eye lens to change focal length
Myopia corrected by concave lens · Hypermetropia by convex lens
Presbyopia corrected by bifocal lens
Questions on why the sky is blue (Rayleigh scattering), why the sun appears red at sunrise/sunset, and the difference between dispersion and scattering appear frequently in board exams.
Class 10 Science Human Eye and the Colourful World is concept-heavy but very scoring. Thorough reading and diagram practice secure full marks in CBSE 2026-27 boards.
CBSE Class 10 Science Electricity Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Electricity
Class 10 Science Electricity is the highest-weightage Physics chapter in CBSE 2026-27. It covers Ohm’s Law, resistance, series and parallel circuits, heating effect, and electric power calculations.
Essential Formulas
Ohm’s Law: V = IR · Resistance: R = ρl/A
Series: R = R₁+R₂+R₃ · Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁+1/R₂+1/R₃
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R · Heat: H = I²Rt
Numerical problems on equivalent resistance, current distribution, and electrical energy consumption are standard 3–5 mark questions. Circuit diagram drawing is also frequently tested.
Class 10 Science Electricity demands regular numerical practice. It can contribute 15+ marks to your CBSE 2026-27 result, making it the single most important Physics chapter.
CBSE Class 10 Science Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Magnetic Effects of Current
Class 10 Science Magnetic Effects of Electric Current covers magnetic fields, Fleming’s rules, electric motor, electromagnetic induction, and AC/DC generators. It is a critical chapter for CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
Rules to Remember
Right-Hand Thumb Rule: direction of magnetic field around a wire
Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule: direction of force on a current-carrying conductor
Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule: direction of induced current
Questions on differences between electric motor and generator, AC vs DC, and the working of a transformer are very commonly asked in board exams as 3–5 mark answers.
Class 10 Science Magnetic Effects of Current is conceptual and diagram-based. Consistent revision of device diagrams and rules ensures a confident CBSE 2026-27 performance.
CBSE Class 10 Science Sources of Energy Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Sources of Energy
Class 10 Science Sources of Energy covers conventional and non-conventional energy sources including fossil fuels, solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, nuclear energy, and biogas. It is an important conceptual chapter in CBSE 2026-27.
Key Concepts
Good fuel: high calorific value, clean combustion, easy storage
Solar constant ≈ 1.4 kW/m²
Nuclear fission vs fusion: fission splits heavy nuclei, fusion joins light nuclei
Comparison questions between renewable and non-renewable sources, advantages and limitations of solar/wind energy, and the working of a biogas plant are frequently tested in board exams.
Class 10 Science Sources of Energy is theory-based and straightforward. Focused reading and structured notes help students score full marks in CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
Chemistry
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions Equations
Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations is the opening Chemistry chapter in CBSE 2026-27. Students learn to write and balance chemical equations and identify types of reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation, and reduction.
Types of Reactions
Combination: A + B → AB · Decomposition: AB → A + B
Displacement: A + BC → AC + B
Double Displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB · Redox: simultaneous oxidation + reduction
Balancing equations, identifying reaction types, and writing word equations from observations are standard 2–3 mark questions. Rancidity and corrosion are also frequently tested.
Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations builds the foundation of all chemistry. Mastering it in CBSE 2026-27 makes every subsequent chemistry chapter significantly easier.
CBSE Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Acids Bases Salts
Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts is a rich conceptual and factual chapter in CBSE 2026-27. It covers the properties of acids and bases, pH scale, neutralisation, and the preparation of important salts like washing soda, baking soda, bleaching powder, and plaster of Paris.
Key Reactions & Facts
Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralisation)
pH < 7: Acidic · pH = 7: Neutral · pH > 7: Basic
Baking soda: NaHCO₃ · Washing soda: Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
Questions on universal indicator, uses of salts, and explaining why acids conduct electricity in solution are very common in board exams carrying 2–5 marks.
Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts is fact-intensive. Systematic note-taking and regular revision ensure full marks in this chapter in CBSE 2026-27.
CBSE Class 10 Science Metals and Non-Metals Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Metals and Non-Metals
Class 10 Science Metals and Non-Metals covers physical and chemical properties of metals, reactivity series, extraction of metals, corrosion, and ionic bonding. It is one of the most comprehensive Chemistry chapters in CBSE 2026-27.
Reactivity Series (High → Low)
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au
More reactive metals displace less reactive metals from their salt solutions
Questions on the reactivity series, extraction steps for different metal categories, and properties of ionic compounds are heavily tested and can carry up to 5 marks each.
Class 10 Science: Metals and Non-Metals is vast but very scoring. Structured revision of the reactivity series and extraction methods is key for CBSE 2026-27 success.
CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and Its Compounds Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Carbon and Its Compounds
Class 10 Science Carbon and Its Compounds introduces organic chemistry covering covalent bonding, homologous series, functional groups, nomenclature, and properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid. It is a high-weightage chapter in CBSE 2026-27.
Key Functional Groups
Alcohol: −OH · Aldehyde: −CHO · Ketone: C=O · Carboxylic acid: −COOH
Alkane: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ · Alkene: CₙH₂ₙ · Alkyne: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
Esterification: Acid + Alcohol ⇌ Ester + Water
Naming organic compounds, writing reactions of ethanol and ethanoic acid, and explaining soap action (micelle formation) are consistently tested in CBSE board exams.
Class 10 Science Carbon and Its Compounds is a gateway to organic chemistry. Mastering its concepts now guarantees strong performance in CBSE 2026-27 boards and future classes.
CBSE Class 10 Science Periodic Classification of Elements Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Periodic Classification of Elements
Class 10 Science Periodic Classification of Elements traces the development of the periodic table from Döbereiner’s Triads to Mendeleev’s and the Modern Periodic Table. Understanding trends in the modern table is essential for CBSE 2026-27.
Periodic Trends
Atomic size: increases down a group, decreases across a period →
Metallic character: increases down a group, decreases across a period →
Valency: same within a group · Period number = number of shells
Questions comparing Mendeleev’s table with the modern table, explaining periodic trends, and predicting element properties are frequent 3–5 mark board exam questions.
Class 10 Science Periodic Classification of Elements is conceptual and scoring. Regular revision of trends and comparison tables ensures full marks in CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
Biology
CBSE Class 10 Science Life Processes Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Life Processes
Class 10 Science Life Processes is the most extensive Biology chapter in CBSE 2026-27. It covers nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion in plants and animals — a 15+ mark chapter in board exams.
Key Equations
Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in light, chlorophyll)
Aerobic respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
Anaerobic (yeast): Glucose → Ethanol + CO₂ + Energy
Diagrams of the heart, nephron, and cross-section of a leaf are very frequently asked. Questions on double circulation, glomerular filtration, and stomatal mechanism carry 3–5 marks each.
Class 10 Science Life Processes is foundational Biology. Mastering all four processes with neat diagrams can single-handedly boost your CBSE 2026-27 board score by 10+ marks.
CBSE Class 10 Science Control and Coordination Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Control and Coordination
Class 10 Science Control and Coordination covers the nervous system, reflex action, brain structure, and the endocrine system including major glands and hormones. It is a critical chapter in CBSE 2026-27 with consistent high-mark questions.
Important Hormones & Glands
Pituitary (master gland): Growth hormone, TSH, ADH
Thyroid: Thyroxine (metabolism) · Pancreas: Insulin & Glucagon (blood sugar)
Adrenal: Adrenaline (fight-or-flight response)
Diagrams of the neuron and brain, questions on reflex arc pathway, and differences between nervous and hormonal coordination are standard board exam questions.
Class 10 Science Control and Coordination is diagram-heavy. Practising labelled diagrams of the neuron, brain, and reflex arc ensures strong performance in CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
CBSE Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce
Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce covers asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and animals, the human reproductive system, and sexually transmitted diseases. It carries significant marks in CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
Modes of Reproduction
Asexual: Fission, Budding, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Vegetative propagation, Spore formation
Sexual: Involves gamete formation (male + female) and fertilisation
Pollination: Transfer of pollen → fertilisation → seed formation
Diagrams of the human male/female reproductive system, the flower, and germinating seeds are essential. Questions on contraception and STDs are also part of the CBSE 2026-27 syllabus.
Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce is biology at its most relatable. Good diagram practice and conceptual clarity ensure full marks in CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
CBSE Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution
Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution covers Mendel’s laws of inheritance, sex determination, acquired vs inherited traits, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, and evidence for evolution. It is a fascinating and high-scoring chapter in CBSE 2026-27.
Mendel’s Laws & Key Concepts
Law of Segregation: alleles separate during gamete formation
Monohybrid cross ratio — Phenotype: 3:1 · Genotype: 1:2:1
Sex determination: XX = Female · XY = Male (father determines sex)
Drawing monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett squares, explaining natural selection with examples, and tracing human evolution are common 3–5 mark board questions.
Class 10 Science Heredity and Evolution bridges Biology with history of life. Mastering Mendel’s laws and evolutionary concepts ensures strong CBSE 2026-27 board marks.
CBSE Class 10 Science Our Environment Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Our Environment
Class 10 Science Our Environment covers ecosystems, food chains and webs, trophic levels, biodegradable vs non-biodegradable waste, and environmental issues like ozone depletion. It is an important chapter for CBSE 2026-27 board exams.
Key Concepts
10% Energy Law: only 10% of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next
Food chain: Producer → Primary consumer → Secondary → Tertiary
Ozone depleted by CFCs · Ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation
Questions on the 10% energy law with calculation examples, distinguishing biotic from abiotic components, and effects of ozone depletion are commonly tested in board exams.
Class 10 Science Our Environment is concise and very scoring. One thorough reading with flow-chart notes on food chains and energy laws is enough for CBSE 2026-27 board preparation.
CBSE Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources Notes, Formulas & Important Questions 2026-27
Focus Keyword: Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources
Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources covers sustainable management of forests, water, coal, petroleum, and wildlife. It also highlights the role of local communities in conservation. This CBSE 2026-27 chapter connects science with real-world responsibility.
The 3 R’s Framework
Reduce → use fewer resources · Reuse → use again without processing
Recycle → process and use again · Most preferred: Reduce · Least: Recycle
Coliform bacteria: indicator of water pollution from human waste
Questions on rainwater harvesting methods, the Chipko Movement, the role of the Bishnoi community, and stakeholders in forest management are frequently asked for 3–5 marks.
Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources is value-based and straightforward. Careful reading and answer writing using real examples from the textbook ensures full marks in CBSE 2026-27.